As Australia’s critical infrastructure faces increasing pressure from evolving threats—ranging from cyber attacks and physical disruptions to climate impacts and geopolitical tensions—protecting these essential systems has become a national priority. Real-world incidents continue to highlight both vulnerabilities and the importance of preparedness, coordination and rapid response. This panel brings together perspectives from security, infrastructure, government and operations to reflect on lessons learned from the front line. It will also consider the challenges of safeguarding complex, interconnected systems, highlighting how practical experience is shaping more resilient, adaptive and forward-looking approaches to protecting critical infrastructure.